In a fractionating column, what process is caused by heating?

During the fractional distillation of crude oil: heated crude oil enters a tall fractionating column , which is hot at the bottom and gets cooler towards the top. vapours from the oil rise through the column. vapours condense when they become cool enough.

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answer is: naturally occurring solid, inorganic compound or element is mineral.

minerals usually have crystalline form, that means than crystal constituents (atoms, molecules or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.

for example magnetite is a mineral of iron oxide (fe₂o₃).

calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (caco₃).

dolomite is an   carbonate mineral composed of calcium magnesium carbonate (camg(co₃)₂).