When vinegar is added to some marble chips ( calcium carbonate) bubbles of gas are observed, what gas is produced and how can it be identified?

By passing the gas through lime water

Explanation:

The equation of the reaction of vinegar with  calcium carbonate in the form of marble chips is shown below;

CaCO3(s) + 2CH3COOH(aq) > Ca(CH3COO)2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g).

We can see from the reaction equation that the gas produced is carbon dioxide. This gas is identified by passing the gas through lime water. If lime water turns milky, then the gas is truly carbon dioxide.

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the density(ratio between mass and volume as m/v) decreases from top to bottom in periodic table group as the size increases and nuclear charge decreases. but in periods density increases from left to right as atom size decreases and nuclear charge increases.