What is the relationship between molecular motion and energy?

Because the particles are in motion, they will have kinetic energy. The particles will not all have the same energy, and the energy of the particles is constantly changing as they undergo changes in speed. Thus, for a given sample of matter, we can only talk about the average kinetic energy of the particles.

Explanation:

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since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.