PROJECT: IDENTIFYING GALAXIES Before 1920, most astronomers thought that all of the shining objects seen in the sky were stars of the Milky Way galaxy. In the early 1920s, Edwin Hubble made observations of Cepheid variable stars that indicated that some of these stars were too far away to be part of the Milky Way. Hubble provided the first convincing evidence that clusters of stars—entire galaxies—existed outside of the Milky Way.

As Hubble continued to study galaxies, he observed that galaxies have a variety of shapes that could be grouped into four categories, as you can see in the following image.

You can view amazing images of galaxies, courtesy of the Hubble Space Telescope, at the following Web site:

The Galaxy Collection of the Hubble Space Telescope.

For this project, you will examine photographs of ten galaxies. For each galaxy, you will place it in a category and explain the basis for your categorization.

OBJECTIVES
Distinguish among the types of galaxies.
Types of Galaxies
For this project, you will classify galaxies into one of four categories—elliptical, irregular, spiral, or barred spiral. The categories can be described as follows:

Elliptical galaxy—A galaxy whose stars are symmetrically dispersed in a spherical or elongated shape.

Irregular galaxy—A galaxy formed by the collision of other galaxies.

Spiral galaxy—A galaxy with a central bulge, flattened disk, and curving arms.

Barred spiral galaxy—A spiral galaxy with a bar of bright gas across the center of the bulge.

Directions
Below are pictures of ten galaxies, each followed by a text box. Using the text box, you will categorize each galaxy and explain why you chose the category. If you are uncertain about how to categorize a galaxy, explain why it was difficult to pick among the categories. In explaining your choices, you should refer to the descriptions of the galaxies above.

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