In the following reaction, oxygen is the excess reactant. (8 points) SiCl4 + O2 → SiO2 + Cl2

The table shows an experimental record for the above reaction.

Experimental Record
Trial Starting Amount of SiCl4 Starting Amount of O2 Actual Yield of SiO2
1 120 g 240 g 38.2 g
2 75 g 50 g 25.2 g
Calculate the percentage yield for SiO2 for Trial 1. Also, determine the leftover reactant for the trial. Show your work.
Based on the percentage yield in Trial 2, explain what ratio of reactants is more efficient for the given reaction.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.