An ionic compound and a covalent compound are dissolved in separate beakers of H2O. Which solution will conduct an electric current?

ionic compound

Explanation:

An ionic compound and a covalent compound react differently when dissolved in water (H2O).

The ionic compounds when dissolved in H2O, undergo a physical change called dissociation. In this change the molecules of water surround the ionic compound and ions of ionic compound disperse  uniformly in the water. The complete dissociation of ionic compounds in H2O makes it a strong electrolyte and solution will conduct an electric current.

Some of the covalent compounds also conduct electricity as when they dissolve in H2O, the molecule of covalent compound react chemically with the solvent to produce ions. Generally, covalent compounds are weak electrolytes and do not conduct much electricity as ionic compounds but exception are their such as HCl and benzene.

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.