g The Jar test is implemented as a venue to identify the optimum coagulant dose for Alum (as decsribed in section 6-2 of the textbook. The Jar Test identifies the optimum alum dose as 25 mg/L. Determine the alkalinity of the raw water (before alum addition) if the water maintains an alkalinity as 45 mg/L as CaCO3 after sedimentation of the solids.

definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.

answerto predict;