Compare the law of conservation of momentum
says that momentum can be
transferred from one object
to another, but it cannot be
created or destroyed. How
is this similar to the first law
of thermodynamics?

The problem here is that according to aufbau principle before 3d orbital 4s subshell comes.after filling 3p orbital with electrons you have 4 electrons left, you place two in 4s with opposite spin and the other two in 3d in any of its two orbitals of total five orbitals with the same spin.

Ais your answer to this

Heat is involved in chemical change in two ways; chemical changes either result in heat being added to or removed from an object, and chemical changes require a certain amount of heat before they can take place.

What are the options? physical property can be color, smell, opacity, viscosity, density, infra red spectrum, melting and boiling points, attraction and repulson to magnets, etc.