1. What are the rows of the periodic table called and what do they tell us?

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The elements are arranged in seven horizontal rows, called periods or series, and 18 vertical columns, called groups.

Each row represents one period; the period number of an element indicates how many of its energy levels house electrons. Sodium, for instance, sits in the third period, which means a sodium atom typically has electrons in the first three energy levels.

Explanation:

every chemical equation adheres to the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. therefore, there must be the same number of atoms of each element on each side of a chemical equation.