Chemistry, 18.08.2019 16:50 stef76

Why is the radius of a positive ion always less than the radius of its neutral atom? (a) the nucleus pulls the remaining electrons in closer.
(b) the number of principal energy levels is always reduced. (c) the atomic orbitals contract all by themselves (d) electron speeds are reduced

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Answer from: bheam12

Positive ions are positive because they have lost electrons.
(A)-This sounds accurate, but is actually not true. When an atom loses an electron and forms a positive ion, there will be less negative charge from the electrons to attract the positively charged nucleus. Losing electrons will actually decrease the attraction between the electrons and the nucleus.
(B)-This is true in some cases, but not all. If, for example, sodium were to lose an electron, it would drop down to having its largest orbital being in the second energy level, and would decrease in size. If magnesium were to lose an electron, it would still have one electron in the third energy level, so it wouldn't drop down an energy level.
(C) and (D)-Not sure where these answers even came from.

The actual reason behind the radius of a positive ion being smaller than the radius of its neutral atom is that the repulsive force between the electrons themselves is decreased, causing them to move closer together.

Answer from: Quest

the tides are influenced by both the moon and the sun, it's easy to see that when the sun lines up with the moon and the earth, as during a new moon or full moon, the tidal effect is increased. these are known as spring tides, named not for the season, but for the fact that the water "springs" higher than normal. on the other hand, if the sun and the moon are 90 degrees apart in relation to an observer on earth as during the first quarter moon or third quarter moon, then high tides are not as high as they normally would be. this is because despite its greater distance, the sun's mass allows it to exert enough gravitational force on the oceans that it can negate some of the effects of the moon's pull. this phenomenon of lower high tides is called a neap tide. if you need more information on this topic visit moonconnection.com.

Answer from: Quest

answer: i dont know the answer but this might

explanation:

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