Why do lawmakers have so much to consider when debating effective energy policies 

Different ways of distributing energy have different short-term and long-term environmental consequences.

Explanation:

Due to the big issue of some energy sources being non-renewable and some being renewable, lawmakers have a lot on their plate. Non-renewable sources of energy are harmful to the environment, but they work the best. Renewable sources of energy cost a lot and work, but they require a lot of effort.

hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. they can be saturated (those which contain only carbon-carbon single bonds) or unsaturated (those which contain carbon-carbon double or triple bonds) in nature. hydrocarbons can undergo several reactions like substitution, elimination etc.  

on substituting one or more hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon it results in the formation of haloalkane. as the halogen atoms are large compared to the carbon and hydrogen atoms, due to which the molecular weight increases and the bond become polar because of presence electronegative halogen atom and results in the increase in boiling point of the haloalkane.

thus, the correct option is (b) that is the boiling point of the new compound increases on substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon.