b) If 35 grams of copper (II) chloride react with 20 grams of sodium nitrate, how much sodium chloride can be formed? what is the limiting reactant ? what is the excessive reactant ?

CuCl₂ is the excessive reactant and NaNO₃ the limiting reactant, 13.7g of NaCl can be formed.

Explanation:

Based on the reaction:

CuCl₂ + 2NaNO₃ → 2NaCl + Cu(NO₃)₂

To solve the problem we must convert the mass of each reactant in order to find limiting reactant as follows:

Moles CuCl₂ -Molar mass: 134.45g/mol-:

35g * (1mol / 134.45g) = 0.26 moles

Moles NaNO₃ -Molar mass: 84.99g/mol-:

20g * (1mol / 84.99g) = 0.235 moles

For a complete reaction of 0.235 moles of NaNO₃ there are required:

0.235 moles NaNO₃ * (1 mol CuCl₂ / 2 mol NaNO₃) = 0.118 moles CuCl₂

As there are 0.26 moles CuCl₂,

As 2 moles of NaNO₃ produce 2 moles of NaCl, he moles of NaCl produced are: 0.235 moles NaCl. The mass is:

Mass NaCl -Molar mass: 58.44g/mol-:

0.235 moles NaCl * (58.44g / mol) =

adding or remove a gaseous reactant or product changes the concentrations. if the concentration of reactant or product is increased, the system will shift away from the side in which concentration was increased (i.e. if the concentration of reactants is increased, the system will shift toward the products. if more products are added, the system will shift to form more reactants). conversely, if the concentration of reactant or product is decreased, the system will shift toward the side in which concentration was decreased (i.e. if reactants are removed, the system will shift to form more reactants. if the concentration of products is decreased, the equilibrium will shift toward the products).

explanation:

the number of valence electrons for each molecule or ion is shown beneath the structure. remember hydrogen will not have more than two electrons. this hydrogen is part of a covalent bond (sharing two electrons). a double bond here would cause hydrogen to share four electrons with phosphorus.