How many protons, neutrons and electrons are present in an atom of hafnium, hf, with a mass number of 178?

72 protons

102 neutrons

72 electrons

Explanation:

Hf has an atomic number of 72. By definition, this means that it has 72 protons.

It also has a mass number of 178. The mass number (A) counts all elements with significant mass (protons and neutrons). Then,

A = p⁺ + n⁰

n⁰ = A - p⁺ = 178 - 72 = 102

Hf has 102 neutrons.

Elemental Hafnium is electrically neutral because it has the same amount of  positive charges (protons) and negative charges (electrons). Then, it must have 72 electrons.

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water and alcohols have similar properties because water molecules contain hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and with alcohol molecules, and likewise alcohol molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other alcohol molecules as well as with water.