Define physical equilibrium in chemistry

Hot air balloons float in the air because of the difference in density between cold and hot air. in this problem, you will estimate the minimum temperature the gas inside the balloon needs to be, for it to take off. to do this, use the following variables and make these assumptions: the combined weight of the pilot basket together with that of the balloon fabric and other equipment is w. the volume of the hot air inside the balloon when it is inflated is v. the absolute temperature of the hot air at the bottom of the balloon is th (where th> tc). the absolute temperature of the cold air outside the balloon is tc and its density is ďc. the balloon is open at the bottom, so that the pressure inside and outside the balloon is the same. as always, treat air as an ideal gas. use g for the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity.

Listen base your answer to the question on the information below.propane is a fuel that is sold in rigid, pressurized cylinders. most of the propane in a cylinder is liquid, with gas in the space above the liquid level. when propane is released from the cylinder, the propane leaves the cylinder as a gas. propane gas is used as a fuel by mixing it with oxygen in the air and igniting the mixture, as represented by the balanced equation below.c3h8(g) + 5o2(g) → 3co2(g) + 4h2o() + 2219.2 kja small amount of methanethiol, which has a distinct odor, is added to the propane to consumers detect a propane leak. in methanethiol, the odor is caused by the thiol functional group (–sh). methanethiol, ch3sh, has a structure that is very similar to the structure of methanol.what is the correct structural formula for a molecule of methanethiol

Suppose the universe were completely empty except for one object-a solid sphere moving through space of 100 km/s. what sort of path would the object be moving in? explain your answer