The indicates that 70% of the sun's radiation is contained on earth and 30% is reflected back into space.

coriolis effect
earth's albedo
latent heat effect
atmospheric pressure

i think it would be  Earth's albedo hope this helps

The Earth's albedo  indicates that 70% of the Sun's radiation is contained on Earth and 30% is reflected back into space.

Explanation:

Earth's albedo tells us about the how much energy absorbed from sun's radiation remains on the planet Earth and how much much energy absorbed is reflected back into space.

Where as:

Coriolis effect : The object moving in northern hemisphere tend to deflects towards right and object moving southern hemisphere tends to deflect towards left.

Latent heat effect: Heat released or absorbed by the thermodynamic system during constant temperature.

Atmospheric pressure is a force exerted by the weight of the air on the surface of the body present above the surface of the earth.

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.

air

in a tire you fill a tire with air

then a couple days later you check the air pressure in the tire

hope this mark me brainliest