The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. what is this attraction called?

This attraction called hydrogen bond.

Explanation:

We know that in water molecule the unequal sharing of electron between oxygen and hydrogen atoms gives a partial negative charge to oxygen atom and partial positive charge to hydrogen atom and this gives rise to an attraction between water molecules, which is called hydrogen bond. This force of attraction is weaker than an ionic bond and covalent bond but stronger than vander waals forces.

a rain shadow is a dry region of land on the side that is protected against the prevailing winds of a mountain range. the prevailing winds are the winds that occur most of the time in a particular place of the earth

prevailing winds carry air toward the mountain range. as the air rises up over a mountain range, the air cools, water vapor condenses, and clouds form. on this side of the mountains, called the windward side, precipitation falls in the form of  rain  or snow. this dry air produces a  rain shadow.