What is the ph of a solution of 0.50 m acetic acid?

You need to use the Ka for the acetic acid and the equilibrium equation.

Ka = 1.85 * 10^ -5

Equilibrium reaction: CH3COOH (aq) ---> CH3COO(-) + H(+)

Ka = [CH3COO-][H+] / [CH3COOH]

Molar concentrations at equilibrium

CH3COOH         CH3COO-     H+

 0.50  - x                  x                 x

Ka = x*x / (0.50 - x) = x^2 / (0.50 - x)

Given that Ka is << 1 => 0.50 >> x and 0.50 - x ≈ 0.50

=> Ka ≈ x^2 / 0.50

=> x^2 ≈ 0.50 * Ka = 0.50 * 1.85 * 10^ -5 = 0.925 * 10^ - 5 = 9.25 * 10 ^ - 6

=> x = √ [9.25 * 10^ -6] = 3.04 * 10^ -3 ≈ 0.0030

pH = - log [H+] = - log (x) = - log (0.0030) = 2.5

2.5