Why is the luminous yellow flame often “smoky? ”?

Because of the lack of air, which causes the  flame   to lack an inner core.
hope that : )

There is one s orbital, and there are three p orbitals, five d orbitals, and seven f orbitals. thus, the answer is b. do not confuse the number of orbitals in a subshell with the number of electrons the subshell can hold. each orbital can hold two electrons, so the capacity of an nf subshell is 14 electrons.

Ci think not