If the following elements were to form ions, what is the expectant charge?
ca
na
p

If Ca was to form ions, its expectant charge will be .

If Na was to form ions, its expectant charge will be .

If P was to form ions, its expectant charge will be .

Further explanation:

The distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals of an atom is called electronic configuration. It is done in accordance with the following principles and rules:

1. Aufbau principle

According to this principle, the electrons are filled in various orbitals in the increasing order of their energies. The increasing order of energies of orbitals is,

2. Hund’s rule

The pairing of the electron cannot occur unless each orbital is singly occupied.

3. Pauli’s exclusion principle

This states that no two electrons in the same orbital can have the same values for all the quantum numbers. The value of spin quantum number for both electrons in the same orbital must always be different.

Ions are produced either by gain or loss of electrons. Those formed by the gain of electrons are termed as anions while those formed by loss of electrons are cations.

The atomic number of Ca is 20 and it has a configuration of . It can remove two electrons from 4s orbital to achieve the stable noble gas configuration of Ar and is formed. Therefore Ca forms an ion with a charge of +2.

The atomic number of Na is 11 and it has a configuration of . It can remove one electron from 3s orbital to attain the stable configuration of Ne and is formed. Therefore Na forms an ion with a charge of +1.

The atomic number of P is 15 and it has a configuration of . It can gain three electrons and acquire a stable noble gas configuration of Ar and is formed. Therefore P forms an ion with a charge of -3.

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Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Electronic configuration of the elements

Keywords: Ca, Na, P, +2, +1, -3, atomic number, 20, 11, 15, configuration, Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, Pauli’s exclusion principle, distribution of electrons.

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