For the laboratory data above, determine the amount of energy absorbed/lost by the water in joules. Specific heat of water = 4.18 J/g•°C

pure substance: iron,copper

impure substance: water,charcoal

hope this

explanation:

covalent bonds

consist of pairs of electrons shared by two atoms, and bind the atoms to fixed orientation and requre high energies to break them

ionic bonds

when two atoms differ considerably in their electronegativity, then one of the atoms will lose its electron to the other atom. this results in a positively charged ion(cation) and a negatively charged ion (anion)

"the periodic table is arranged in order of atomic number."

your answer is a. the enthalpy of formation for a pure element in its standard state is always positive.