If a response is towards a stimulus it's described as ; if a response is away from the stimulus it's described as .

Well you can immediately rule out a and d because if a metal were to lose or gain protons, then it would become a different element all together. the answer here is b because the positive symbol with a number refers to how many electrons the metal can give away to become stable.

The nationalists army held a higher advantage because of the ammount of men in the army. outnumbered them up to 3 over 1.

Large asteroid and comet impacts. because they can have a huge impact on the environment, such as a loss of land, and crust on the earth with the big holes they produce. on the other hand, volcanic eruptions can also cause change within the environment by producing land, but im actually not quite sure which one would be a better answer, hopefully you read this and didnt just flat out choose the first sentence i have spoken! your welcome~