If sugar, oil, helium, gasoline, water, and oxygen were all placed together in the same flask, and the flask was shaken, you'd end up with 3 distinct layers of 2 chemicals in each layer. Which chemicals would be in each layer of the bottom to the top?

the old alchemists made significant contributions to science even though there starting premises were off a bit. their conclusions after failure would steer them into better directions for investigation. science is no more than close observation and the initial mistakes result in rethinking and retrying experiments.