1. You watch water falling from the top of a waterfall to the bottom. How would you characterize this physical phenomenon in terms of spontaneity? What if you wanted to move the water from the bottom of the falls to the top—how would you characterize that reaction?

whats the meaning of /

there is none because earth is stationary and flat.

each chemical family is represented as a group or column on the periodic table. based on chemical properties, there are 6 types of chemical families. group 1 represents alkali metals, group 2 represents alkaline earth metals, groups 3 to 12 represent transition metals, groups 13 to 16 represent non-metals and other metals, group 17 represents halogens and group 18 represents noble gases.