Why is energy not limiting to life on Earth, but nutrients are?

Litmus paper is made from water-soluble dyes which are extracted from lichens. this paper is used as an acid-base indicator. which of these common household substances would turn blue litmus paper red? a) bleach b) lye c) soap d) vinegar

Which statements describe polyatomic ions? check all that apply. polyatomic ions have many charges. polyatomic ions have one overall charge. polyatomic ions repel other ions to form ionic bonds. polyatomic ions attract other ions to form ionic bonds. polyatomic ions are made up of only one type of atom. polyatomic ions are made up of two or more types of atoms.

Iknow the answer to 13 is b and 14 is d. i just need to know why the correct answers are correct