Are there other universes ??

There is an area in idaho named craters of the moon where most of the ground is covered with basalt, adark gray, igneous rock with no visibl crystals. what can you infer about the geographical history of the area?

1)each group 16 element has how many valence electrons? ( )4 ( )6 ( )8 ( )16 2)how many dots appear in the dot structure for calcium ion, ca2+? ( )zero ( )one ( )two ( )eight 3) which of the following atoms forms a cation to obtain an octet of outer shell electrons? ( )magnesium ( )oxygen ( )fluorine ( )helium 4) an al3+ ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. ( )true ( )false 5) valence and non-valence electrons are represented in lewis dot structures. ( )true ( )false

Which statement about hf is true? it is zero for any compound in its standard state. it is positive when the bonds of the product store more energy than those of the reactants. it is negative when a compound forms from elements in their standard states. it is zero for any element that is in the liquid state.