When separating benzoic acid, naphthalene, and 3-nitroaniline, identify the solution used for each described purpose. a. Extract reconstituted 3-nitroaniline out of the aqueous layer
b. Extract benzoic acid into the aqueous layer
c. Extract aniline into the aqueous layer
d. Reconstitute aniline from aqueous layer

a. Extract reconstituted 3-nitroaniline out of the aqueous layer: Dichloromethane.

b. Extract benzoic acid into the aqueous layer: 5% NaOH.

c. Extract aniline into the aqueous layer: 5% HCl.

d. Reconstitute aniline from aqueous layer: 6M NaOH.

Explanation:

Each of the answers is explained as follows:

a. Extract reconstituted 3-nitroaniline out of the aqueous layer: Dichloromethane.

Dichloromethane is an organochloride chemical and CH2Cl2 is its formula. It is commonly employed as a solvent since it is a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor. It is polar and miscible with numerous organic solvents, despite not being miscible with water.

b. Extract benzoic acid into the aqueous layer: 5% NaOH.

According to the Mass by Volume percentage concept, 5% NaOH solution (W/V) indicates 5g of NaOH dissolved in 100ml of water.

c. Extract aniline into the aqueous layer: 5% HCl.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a common acid found in the human body as well as in laboratories, and it is a key component of stomach acid.

As a result, 5% HCl solution is made by mixing 8.26 mL concentrated HCl with roughly 50 mL distilled water, stirring well, and then adding water up to 100 mL.

d. Reconstitute aniline from aqueous layer: 6M NaOH.

6M NaOH refer to 6 moles in 1L MW (NaOH). Therefore, 6 moles of NaOH are dissolved in 1 liter of H2O to make a 6M NaOH solution. Because NaOH has a molar mass of 39.9997 g/mol, we'll need 240 g NaOH (39.997 x 6) in 1L of H2O to make a 6M solution.