1. A colorless solution A has a cation and an anion. I) By taking a part of A diluted Sulphuric acid was added a white precipitate (P) was observed which didn't dissolve in the presence of diluted nitric acid. When conducting flame test light green flame was observed. II) To another part of A Al powder and diluted NaOH were added and heated until it boiled a gas (Q) with a unique smell was released. When the Q gas is held near conc HCl a white smoke ( R) was observed. III) To another solution of A aqueous silver nitrate was added a white precipitate (S) was formed. When adding excess diluted ammonia it dissolved to give an aqueous solution (T).

when atmosphere interacts with biosphere they focuses on on the sources and sinks of green house gases (ghgs) air pollutants, particular matters, water and energy between the earth's surface and the atmosphere. the biosphere affects the climate. the atmosphere and biosphere are in constant interaction with each other, and all living things rely on gases in the atmosphere for life. organisms such as animals take in oxygen gas form the atmosphere to use in every cell of their body for smooth functioning of daily routine exercises.

a). in this case, dh> 0 and sd> 0. if t becomes larger, the term "-tds" will become more negative. at some point, it is possible that -dts will be more negative than the dh is positive, and the reaction will become spontaneous. this is probably the correct answer, but you should look at all of the other possibilities and make sure of that.