Which of the following challenged poses he biggest problem to the long term use of alternative fuels? A. Electric engines may ultimately rely on fossil fuels for power
B. It may take too long to recharge battery
C. New refueling stations would have to be built to make refueling convenient
D. Creating new infrastructure would result in initial costs

New refueling stations would have to be built to make refueling convenient

Explanation:

According to Oxford dictionary; alternative fuels refers to ''a fuel other than petrol or diesel for powering motor vehicles, such as natural gas, methanol, or electricity.

"alternative fuels have gained ground".

Fossil fuels are gradually being phased out and vehicles that depend on alternative fuels are fast emerging as a potentially convenient replacement for them.

However, the ultimate problem with the emergence of alternative fuels is the need to build new refuelling stations that will replace the existing gas stations as we have them now.

This is a problem that will eventually be resolved as the use of alternative fuels become more common place.

here we have to get the change of moles on decrease the volume of the reaction in gas phase.

the   per the given options it will decrease by (d) 11-50%

we know, on decreasing the volume of the gas phase reaction the reaction moves to the product side.

the reaction:                     so₂cl₂ (g) = so₂ (g) + cl₂ (g)         total

the moles at equilibrium:   1 - α                 α               α           = 1+α

concentrations:                   1 - α               α               α           = 1 + α

(concentration = moles/volume, as volume is 1 l)

(where α is the degree of dissociation)

now the dissociation constant in terms of concentration is :

=  

or,

or,   = (at v = 1l)

the reaction:                     so₂cl₂ (g) = so₂ (g) + cl₂ (g)         total

the moles at equilibrium:   1 - α                 α               α           = 1+α

concentrations:               (1 - α)/0.5           α/0.5         α/0.5       = (1 + α)/0.5

thus, the dissociation constant in terms of concentration is :

or,  

=  

so, the change of 1 : 1/0.5

or, 1: 2

thus it will decrease by 50%.

or, as per the given options it will decrease by 11-50%

the density of gold = 19.3 g/cm3

the relation between density and mass and volume is

density = mass / volume

given :

mass of gold = 13 g

density = 13g / volume = 19.3

volume = 13 /19.3 = 0.67 cm^3

thus volume of gold nugget = 0.67 cm^3