A student stops a titration BEFORE the equivalence point is reached. If NaOH is
being added to an unknown acid, HA, what
ions are present in the clear solution in the
flask?
A. H+, A-, Na+, OH-
B. A-, Na+, OH-
C. A-, Na+ and H+

answer:

the answer is 6 valence electrons.

explanation:

valence is the # of electrons on the outer most shell of an atom.

oxygen has 6.

although, the valency of oxygen is 2, because it only needs to make 2 covalent bonds, or gain 2 electrons, to achieve the stable octet configuration of a noble gas.

that's it!

if you need further assistance, let me know: )

~ trueboss72

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they are all solids.