The lattice energy for an ionic compound cannot be measured directly but can be calculated from the Born- cycle, using a series of individual steps for which all enthalpies are known except for the lattice energy. This method is an application of Hess's law which, states that the overall energy change for a process is given by the of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps.

first is HABER

second is SUM

Explanation:

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aquifers are bounded above and below by impermeable rock. the driving force of groundwater movement in confined aquifers is pressure, rather than gravity.

hurricanes form when warm, moist air from the ocean surface quickly rises into the atmosphere and forms storm clouds and rain. when the clouds are formed, heat is released which warms the cool air in the upper regions of the atmosphere so that the cycle can continue. which two phases of the water cycle are repeated in this process?