Nelum +23 Days A student separates propanoic acid (b. p. 141 °C) and butanoic acid (b. p. 164°C) using the apparatus shown below. thermometer water A B C electric heater propanoic acid and butanoic acid mixture (b) () . The student has left out one item in setting up the apparatus. (ii) Name apparatus A.

Covalent bonds generally form when the bonded elements have a difference in electronegativity less than 1.5. subtract the electronegativities for the following pairs of elements and predict whether they form a covalent bond. electronegativity difference of c and c: ionic covalent electronegativity difference of mg and cl: ionic covalent