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The atomic radius of sodium is 186 pm and of chlorine is 100 pm. the ionic radius for na+ is 102 pm and for cl– is 181 pm. in going from na to cl in period 3, why does the atomic radius decrease while the ionic radius increases? a. the inner electrons in the sodium cation shield its valence electrons more effectively than the inner electrons in the chloride anion do. b. the inner electrons shield the valence electrons more effectively in the chlorine atom than in the chloride anion. c. the outermost electrons in chloride experience a smaller effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. d. the outermost electrons in chloride experience a larger effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. e. monatomic ions are bigger than the atoms from which they are formed.

If a simple machine aduces the strength of a force, what must be increased? the speed of the input force the work the simple machine performs the size of the simple machine the distance over which the force is applied

Which statement best summarizes the importance of ernest rutherford’s gold foil experiment? it proved that all of john dalton’s postulates were true. it verified j. j. thomson’s work on the atomic structure. it showed that an electron circles a nucleus in a fixed-energy orbit. it showed that a nucleus occupies a small part of the whole atom.