How many joules of energy are required to melt 423g of water at 0°C?

As you move from right to left on the periodic table the atomic radius fill in the blank

Alice did an experiment to find the relationship between the angle at which a ray of light strikes a mirror and the angle at which the mirror reflects the light. she placed a ray box in front of a mirror. she changed the angle at which the light from the ray box struck the mirror and noted the corresponding angle at which the mirror reflected the light. which of the following is the dependent variable in this experiment? the mirror used to reflect the light the ray box used as the source of light angle at which the light from the ray box strikes the mirror angle at which the mirror reflects the light from the ray box

How does science use models to gain a better understanding of concepts?