Is Fluorine covalent, ionic or hydrate?

Much of the general structure and physical properties of the interior of the earth are inferred from: a)deep oil and gas bore holes b)geologic investigations c)analysis of seismic waves d) study of volcanoes

How will the emission of an alpha particle affect the atomic number of an atom

Suppose a lab group reports a ppercent yield of sand of 105. is it really possible to collect more sand than was originally represented? what is the possible explanation for the extra product?