Valence electrons are... a) used to form bonds to make atoms more stable.

b) inner electrons that carry large amounts of energy.

C)found in the nucleus and contribute to the mass of an element.

D)can be predicted by looking at the atomic number.

a

Explanation:

valence electron is the outermost electron present in the shell which combines with another atoms to be more stable.

the increase of protons   hope this

c is having 4 valence electrons and is bonded to three hydrogens and one sulphur atom, therefore, the number of bond pair is equal to four. as all the valence electrons are used in forming the bonds so, there is no lone pair left on carbon.

s is having 6 valence electrons and is bonded to one other sulfur atom and one carbon atom, therefore, the number of bond pair is equal to 2. as only two valence electrons are used in forming the bonds so, four electrons are left. therefore, two lone pairs are present on s.