If an astronaut holds a 5-kg ball 2 meters (m) above the ground on the Moon, does it have the same potential energy it did when the astronaut held that ball 2 m above the ground on Earth? Explain your reasoning

astronomers such as edwin hubble.

since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.

it forms an anion that has a larger radius. anions have a negative charge and are larger than the original atom.