Which of these are part of a scientific way of gathering information

Embryos of different species look very similar, which shows that the organisms share a ancestor.

Arecipe calls for 1.2 cups of oil. how many liters of oil is this?

In a heat of an engine, if 700 j enters the system, and the piston does 400 j of work what is the final internal (thermal) energy of the system if the initial energy is 1,500 j