Benefits of characteris
ing chemicals

There are many benefits to using chemical characterization, from reducing the testing burden, saving time and money for the manufacturer, and reducing the amount of animal testing required. From an ethical standpoint, the latter benefit can be especially attractive.

Explanation:

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boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals atmospheric pressure. the vapor pressure of solvent molecules is decreased when a solute is added, so a higher temperature is required to increase the number of solvent molecules in the gas phase above the liquid.

at the freezing point, the vapor pressures of the solid and liquid are equal; a lower temperature is needed to reduce the number of solvent particles above the liquid.

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the answer is   c.) 1575 j.

explanation: