By losing one valence electron, a sodium atom achieves the same electron arrangement as an atom of

beta decay is the answer

your answer is a. the enthalpy of formation for a pure element in its standard state is always positive.

water and alcohols have similar properties because water molecules contain hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and with alcohol molecules, and likewise alcohol molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other alcohol molecules as well as with water.

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