Protons and neutrons are found in the of an atom. are found orbiting in the outer layers, separated from protons and neutrons by empty space.

Ans. : frostbite is when exposure to cold temperatures causes freezing to the skin or other tissues. it most commonly affects the hands, feet, and face. the longer areas are exposed to cold, typically the worse the frostbite. the water temperature used for rewarming a frostbitten part should be : (102 -105) f degrees.

Vander waals forces are inter molecular bonds that exist within molecules of the same substance. a water molecule is made up of oxygen and hydrogen atoms which share electrons between each other. the vander waals forces are forces that exist between multitude of different  molecules of water. dipole dipole forces is the type of vander waals force that exist in water. the oxygen atom which is more electronegative pulls the shared electron closer to itself thus generating a partial negative charge while the hydrogen acquire a partial positive charge. these two different charges causes attraction to occur in water molecules.