By the 19th century what information was known about the elements

definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.

if the temperature drops and becomes cool

then the atmosphere can be freezing as the water vapor in the air is at maximum (100%) and can be severely cold

also can be snowing lightly as the moisture in the air will start to solidify

and btw this is not chemistry but