what are the charges for ions formed in groups 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 and 18 in order to achieve a noble gas electron configuration

What does a particular point on a line of a phase diagram represent? o a. the maximum temperature a substance can exist at without bonds breaking b. the pressure created by the kinetic energy of molecules at a particular temperature c. the melting point or boiling point of a substance at a specific pressure d. the conditions in which temperature and pressure have equal effects on a substance

What is the mass defect of a mole of nuclei with 1.8 x 10^15 j/mol binding energy?

The number at the end of an isotope’s name is the number.