Determine the number of moles present in 32.5 g aluminum chloride.

0.244 moles

Explanation:

We know that if one mole of a substance is present, it has exactly the Avogadro number (NA) of particles.

NA=6.022×1023

Now, the mass of a sample can be given by the sum of the mass of all the particles in it.

So, we can say that the mass of one mole of a compound is equivalent to the mass of all the particles contained in one mole of a substance i.e., 6.022×1023 particles.

The mass of one mole of a substance is known as the molar mass of that substance. Its SI base unit is kg/mol but it is usually expressed in g/mol. It is a bulk property of a substance, not a molecular property.

Now, the molar mass of a sample is given by the mass of the sample substance divided by the number of moles of the substance present in the sample.

M=mn

So, the number of moles in a given sample can be given by

n=mM

Where n is the number of moles,

m is the mass of the substance given (in grams), and

M is the molar mass of the substance (in g/mol).

Now, the molecular mass of one mole of a compound is equal to the sum of atomic masses of all the elements present in the molecule.

So, the molecular mass of one mole of AlCl3 is

MAlCl3=MAl+3×MClMAlCl3=26.981+3×35.453MAlCl3=133.34g/mol

It is given to us that the mass of the sample substance is 32.5 grams.

So, the number of moles of the substance in the sample is

n=32.5g133.34g/moln≅0.244mol

Hence there are approximately 0.244 moles in a sample of 32.5 grams of aluminum chloride (AlCl3).

Note: It must be noted that in 2019, the SI base unit of molar mass was redefined. According to the new definition, the molar mass constant is

Mu=0.99999999965×10−3kg/mol

And not 1×10−3kg/mol.

But since the change is so insignificant, for practical purposes, the molar mass of an element is still considered to be equivalent to the atomic mass of the element.

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