Which of these instruments can be used to predict a thunderstorm? wind vane rain gauge radiosonde thermometer

The correct answer is radiosonde.  

A radiosonde refers to a battery-oriented telemetry apparatus taken into the atmosphere generally with the help of a weather balloon, which helps in the prediction of several atmospheric parameters and transfers them by radio to a ground receiver. The current radiosondes calculate or predict various elements like pressure, attitude, relative humidity, temperature, cosmic ray, wind, and other elements. Thus, it can be a helpful instrument for the prediction of a thunderstorm.