When speaking about his numerous and important contributions to science, isaac newton said: "if i have been able to see further, it is because i stood on the shoulders of giants.” explain how this statement relates to scientific knowledge, theories, and laws changing over time.

Whenever Isaac Newton said this, he was referring to those who led him to make his conclusion. There were many great discoveries that were before Isaac Newton's time. He of course had to follow other people's ideas and eventually formed his own opinion which forever changed science. Ultimately, he's saying that he wouldn't have been able to make his theory if if weren't for the many many genius scientists & theories before him.

The  grandmother cell  is a hypothetical  neuronthat represents a complex but specific concept or object.[1]  it activates when a person "sees, hears, or otherwise sensibly discriminates"[2]  a specific entity, such as his or her grandmother. the term was in use at least as early as 1966 amongst staff and students in the department of experimental psychology, university of cambridge, england. a similar concept, that of the  gnostic neuron, was proposed two years later