Two of the liquids, n-pentane and 1-butanol, had nearly the same molecular weights, but significantly different ∆t values. explain the difference in ∆t values of these substances, based on their intermolecular forces.

For this item, the ∆t will be the value of temperature difference that the substances will experience once subjected to same amount of heat. The heat is equal to,

    H = mcp∆t

where H is heat, m is mass, cp is specific heat, and ∆t is temperature difference. 

The compounds given, despite having the almost the same molecular weight, will have different ∆t because of the different intermolecular forces present especially in the alkyl groups present. 

All the elements are arranged by melting points on the periodic table. in row they go from metals to gasses. in the row from sodium to argon, sodium is more reactive than the one on its right, magnesium.