Electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom are called

The  outermost  electron  located  in  the   outermost  shell  of  an  atom  is  called  valence  electrons. Valence  electrons  participate  in  formation  of chemical  bond  if  the  outer  shell  are  not  closed.  IN  a  covalent  bond  both  share  contribute  one valence  electron.

The independent variable is the type of music.the dependent variable is the pulse rate.the intervening variable is the age of the subject.if the mother does not like rock, her pulse is likely to not increase.the same might be true for the sister.the friend may like rap and gets excited.to establish cause/effect relationship, all of the subjects must be consistent.hope i .