If a solution containing 18.0 g of a substance reacts by first-order kinetics, how many grams remain after three half-lives?

Based on the number of half-lives undergone by the substance,  the mass of the substance remaining after three half-lives is 2.25 g.

The half-life of a substance is the time it will take for half the amount of the substance to decay or decompose.

The initial mass of the substance is 18.0 g

The substance undergoes three half-lives.

After the first half-life, mass remaining = 18/2 = 9.0 g

After the first half-life, mass remaining = 18/2 = 9.0 g

After the third half-life, mass remaining = 4.5/2 = 2.25 g

Therefore, the mass of the substance remaining after three half-lives is 2.25 g.

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2) So, after every period of one half-life the concentration of the reactant will decrease by half.