What type of liquid is more likely to be volatile, a liquid with polar molecules or a liquid with nonpolar molecules?

Non-polar.

Explanation:

Hello,

In order to answer to this question, lets consider the toluene and the water because their bonds have a difference in the electronegativities of their composing elements of 0.35 and 1.24 respectively. In addition, toluene is non-polar and water polar.

Now, it is widely known that the toluene is volatile since its molecules in liquid phase tend to vaporize easily, this is due to the fact that the non-polar both bonds and intermolecular forces are weak (unstable) allowing the volatilisation to be performed. On the contrary, even thought the water is polar, it tends to be less volatile than the toluene since it bonds and intermolecular forces are stronger.

Best regards.

r just means there's a number of carbon in teh chain. for example rcooh means that after x number of carbon, the chain ends with cooh.

explanation:

your answer is a. the enthalpy of formation for a pure element in its standard state is always positive.