Which subatomic particle is involved in chemical bonding and is responsible for an element's reactivity?

How do scientists think that gravity affected the formation of our solar system?

The yearly amounts of carbon emissions from cars in belgium are normally distributed with a mean of 13.9 gigagrams per year and a standard deviation of 5.8 gigagrams per year. find the probability that the amount of carbon emissions from cars in belgium for a randomly selected year are between 11.5 gigagrams and 14.0 gigagrams per year. a. 0.340 b. 0.660 c. 0.167 d. 0.397

How many absorptions would you expect to observe in the 13c nmr spectra of the following molecules? a) 3-chloropentane b) cis-4-methyl-2-pentene